Couple of things here.. and just my experience. I think 17 hours is far too long of a light cycle and Id venture a guess is wasting electricity. Im of the opinion that its not necessarially the duration but the quality of light, and its intensity. when you say "canopies" I take it that has a store bought hood? Like a regular freshwater light/cover?
Ive never used those type of covers (like a built in Plexiglas) just for the reason your describing. I always liked "open" top where there is nothing between the light bulb and the water. This will allow full penetration of the light.
How much splash get on the bulb is determined by how far the bulb is above the water. You will get "some" but I just wipe the bulbs weekly and they only have a usable life span of 6 months anyway, so...
Well Im not sure on how you're returning the water. Using my method ;-) the water gets returned to the bottom of the tank (spray bar) so there is really minimal splashing on the surface. I also run a 10 gallon wave maker that discharges every 15 minutes, this does produce some splashing... but I still have no cover on the tank.
If you have a GFI and hopefully a fan the evaporation isn't an issue, and as far as being a fire hazard... I seriously doubt it. THe GFI is to protect *you* from getting shocked. Id say in the worse case with water and electricity.. a circuit beaker on the house would trip
Have you tried plain white vinegar? Soak a rag with vinegar and lay it on the surface you want to clean. Leave it there for about 1/2 hour, scrub with either a rag or those green nylon scrubbies